Pola Keterkaitan Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) dalam Pelestarian Ekosistem Perairan di Indonesia

Abstract

This study employs a Systematic Literature Review to investigate how patterns of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) inform and enhance marine ecosystem conservation in Indonesia. The review identifies several TEK-based conservation practices, including customary temporal closures of fishing grounds, which effectively sustain target fish populations and mitigate overexploitation. It also documents the deployment of selective, low‑impact fishing gear—such as bubu and payang—that minimizes habitat disturbance, as well as community‑driven rehabilitation of critical habitats, notably mangrove stands and seagrass meadows. Furthermore, traditional climate adaptation strategies—ranging from indigenous weather forecasting and ritual observances to diversified livelihood portfolios—are shown to bolster the capacity of coastal communities to respond to environmental variability. Collectively, these TEK patterns contribute substantively to biodiversity maintenance, critical habitat protection, and the socio‑ecological resilience of coastal societies. The findings underscore the imperative of integrating TEK into formal marine resource management frameworks to achieve sustainable conservation outcomes.